我们介绍了声学场景和事件的检测和分类的任务描述（DCASE）2022挑战任务2：“用于应用域通用技术的机器状况监控的无监督异常的声音检测（ASD）”。域转移是ASD系统应用的关键问题。由于域移位可以改变数据的声学特征，因此在源域中训练的模型对目标域的性能较差。在DCASE 2021挑战任务2中，我们组织了一个ASD任务来处理域移动。在此任务中，假定已知域移位的发生。但是，实际上，可能不会给出每个样本的域，并且域移位可能会隐含。在2022年的任务2中，我们专注于域泛化技术，这些技术检测异常，而不论域移动如何。具体而言，每个样品的域未在测试数据中给出，所有域仅允许一个阈值。我们将添加挑战结果和挑战提交截止日期后提交的分析。

拟声术语是语音上模仿声音的字符序列，在表达声音的特征，诸如持续时间，间距和Timbre的特征是有效的。我们提出了一种使用拟声缺陷的环境 - 辐射方法，以指定要提取的目标声音。利用这种方法，我们通过使用U-Net架构来估计来自输入混合谱图和拟声型的时频掩模，然后通过掩蔽频谱图来提取相应的目标声音。实验结果表明，该方法只能提取对应于拟声病的目标声音，并且比使用声音事件类别指定目标声音的传统方法更好地执行。

Pre-trained language models, despite their rapid advancements powered by scale, still fall short of robust commonsense capabilities. And yet, scale appears to be the winning recipe; after all, the largest models seem to have acquired the largest amount of commonsense capabilities. Or is it? In this paper, we investigate the possibility of a seemingly impossible match: can smaller language models with dismal commonsense capabilities (i.e., GPT-2), ever win over models that are orders of magnitude larger and better (i.e., GPT-3), if the smaller models are powered with novel commonsense distillation algorithms? The key intellectual question we ask here is whether it is possible, if at all, to design a learning algorithm that does not benefit from scale, yet leads to a competitive level of commonsense acquisition. In this work, we study the generative models of commonsense knowledge, focusing on the task of generating generics, statements of commonsense facts about everyday concepts, e.g., birds can fly. We introduce a novel commonsense distillation framework, I2D2, that loosely follows the Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of West et al. but breaks the dependence on the extreme-scale models as the teacher model by two innovations: (1) the novel adaptation of NeuroLogic Decoding to enhance the generation quality of the weak, off-the-shelf language models, and (2) self-imitation learning to iteratively learn from the model's own enhanced commonsense acquisition capabilities. Empirical results suggest that scale is not the only way, as novel algorithms can be a promising alternative. Moreover, our study leads to a new corpus of generics, Gen-A-Tomic, that is of the largest and highest quality available to date.

We consider task allocation for multi-object transport using a multi-robot system, in which each robot selects one object among multiple objects with different and unknown weights. The existing centralized methods assume the number of robots and tasks to be fixed, which is inapplicable to scenarios that differ from the learning environment. Meanwhile, the existing distributed methods limit the minimum number of robots and tasks to a constant value, making them applicable to various numbers of robots and tasks. However, they cannot transport an object whose weight exceeds the load capacity of robots observing the object. To make it applicable to various numbers of robots and objects with different and unknown weights, we propose a framework using multi-agent reinforcement learning for task allocation. First, we introduce a structured policy model consisting of 1) predesigned dynamic task priorities with global communication and 2) a neural network-based distributed policy model that determines the timing for coordination. The distributed policy builds consensus on the high-priority object under local observations and selects cooperative or independent actions. Then, the policy is optimized by multi-agent reinforcement learning through trial and error. This structured policy of local learning and global communication makes our framework applicable to various numbers of robots and objects with different and unknown weights, as demonstrated by numerical simulations.

Artificial life is a research field studying what processes and properties define life, based on a multidisciplinary approach spanning the physical, natural and computational sciences. Artificial life aims to foster a comprehensive study of life beyond "life as we know it" and towards "life as it could be", with theoretical, synthetic and empirical models of the fundamental properties of living systems. While still a relatively young field, artificial life has flourished as an environment for researchers with different backgrounds, welcoming ideas and contributions from a wide range of subjects. Hybrid Life is an attempt to bring attention to some of the most recent developments within the artificial life community, rooted in more traditional artificial life studies but looking at new challenges emerging from interactions with other fields. In particular, Hybrid Life focuses on three complementary themes: 1) theories of systems and agents, 2) hybrid augmentation, with augmented architectures combining living and artificial systems, and 3) hybrid interactions among artificial and biological systems. After discussing some of the major sources of inspiration for these themes, we will focus on an overview of the works that appeared in Hybrid Life special sessions, hosted by the annual Artificial Life Conference between 2018 and 2022.

Analyzing defenses in team sports is generally challenging because of the limited event data. Researchers have previously proposed methods to evaluate football team defense by predicting the events of ball gain and being attacked using locations of all players and the ball. However, they did not consider the importance of the events, assumed the perfect observation of all 22 players, and did not fully investigated the influence of the diversity (e.g., nationality and sex). Here, we propose a generalized valuation method of defensive teams by score-scaling the predicted probabilities of the events. Using the open-source location data of all players in broadcast video frames in football games of men's Euro 2020 and women's Euro 2022, we investigated the effect of the number of players on the prediction and validated our approach by analyzing the games. Results show that for the predictions of being attacked, scoring, and conceding, all players' information was not necessary, while that of ball gain required information on three to four offensive and defensive players. With game analyses we explained the excellence in defense of finalist teams in Euro 2020. Our approach might be applicable to location data from broadcast video frames in football games.

有一段漫长的历史，努力与我们周围的实体和空间探索音乐元素，例如Musique Concr \'Ete和Ambient Music。在计算机音乐和数字艺术的背景下，还设计了集中在周围物体和物理空间上的互动体验。近年来，随着设备的开发和普及，在扩展现实中设计了越来越多的作品，以创造这种音乐体验。在本文中，我们描述了MR4MR，这是一项声音安装工作，使用户可以在混合现实的背景下体验与周围空间相互作用产生的旋律（MR）。用户使用HoloLens，用户可以撞击周围环境中真实对象的虚拟对象。然后，通过遵循物体发出的声音并使用音乐生成机器学习模型进行随机变化并逐渐改变旋律的声音，用户可以感觉到其环境旋律“转世”。

我们提出了一个名为“ Visual配方流”的新的多模式数据集，使我们能够学习每个烹饪动作的结果。数据集由对象状态变化和配方文本的工作流程组成。状态变化表示为图像对，而工作流则表示为食谱流图（R-FG）。图像对接地在R-FG中，该R-FG提供了交叉模式关系。使用我们的数据集，可以尝试从多模式常识推理和程序文本生成来尝试一系列应用程序。

自动故障检测是许多运动的主要挑战。在比赛中，裁判根据规则在视觉上判断缺点。因此，在判断时确保客观性和公平性很重要。为了解决这个问题，一些研究试图使用传感器和机器学习来自动检测故障。但是，与传感器的附件和设备（例如高速摄像头）相关的问题，这些问题与裁判的视觉判断以及故障检测模型的可解释性相抵触。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个用于非接触测量的断层检测系统。我们使用了根据多个合格裁判的判断进行训练的姿势估计和机器学习模型，以实现公平的错误判断。我们使用智能手机视频在包括东京奥运会的奖牌获得者中，使用了正常比赛的智能手机视频，并有意地走路。验证结果表明，所提出的系统的平均准确度超过90％。我们还透露，机器学习模型根据种族步行规则检测到故障。此外，奖牌获得者的故意故障步行运动与大学步行者不同。这一发现符合更通用的故障检测模型的实现。该代码和数据可在https://github.com/szucchini/racewalk-aijudge上获得。

多个实例学习（MIL）是对诊断病理学的整个幻灯片图像（WSI）进行分类的强大方法。 MIL对WSI分类的基本挑战是发现触发袋子标签的\ textit {critical Instances}。但是，先前的方法主要是在独立和相同的分布假设（\ textit {i.i.d}）下设计的，忽略了肿瘤实例或异质性之间的相关性。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的基于多重检测的多重实例学习（MDMIL）来解决上述问题。具体而言，MDMIL是由内部查询产生模块（IQGM）和多重检测模块（MDM）构建的，并在训练过程中基于内存的对比度损失的辅助。首先，IQGM给出了实例的概率，并通过在分布分析后汇总高度可靠的功能来为后续MDM生成内部查询（IQ）。其次，在MDM中，多重检测交叉注意（MDCA）和多头自我注意力（MHSA）合作以生成WSI的最终表示形式。在此过程中，智商和可训练的变异查询（VQ）成功建立了实例之间的联系，并显着提高了模型对异质肿瘤的鲁棒性。最后，为了进一步在特征空间中实施限制并稳定训练过程，我们采用基于内存的对比损失，即使在每次迭代中有一个样本作为输入，也可以实现WSI分类。我们对三个计算病理数据集进行实验，例如CamelyOn16，TCGA-NSCLC和TCGA-RCC数据集。优越的准确性和AUC证明了我们提出的MDMIL比其他最先进方法的优越性。